Emanoel Araújo

Emanoel Araújo (1940 - 2022)

Emanoel Araújo was a Brazilian sculptor, draftsman, illustrator, costume designer, engraver, set designer, painter, curator, and museologist, whose career is distinguished by its versatility and contribution to Brazilian art and culture. His apprenticeship began in carpentry with master Eufrásio Vargas, before joining the Official Press of Santo Amaro da Purificação, in Bahia, where he worked with linotype and graphic composition. His first solo exhibition took place in 1959, marking the beginning of a distinguished artistic trajectory.

In the 1960s, Emanoel Araújo moved to Salvador and enrolled in the School of Fine Arts of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), where he studied printmaking under the guidance of Professor Henrique Oswald. His talent soon became apparent, and in 1972, he received the gold medal at the 3rd Graphic Biennial in Florence, Italy. In the following years, Emanoel Araújo continued to gain recognition, receiving the award for best engraver and, later, in 1983, the award for best sculptor from the São Paulo Association of Art Critics (APCA).

His academic career was also notable. Between 1981 and 1983, he was responsible for the installation and direction of the Bahia Museum of Art in Salvador, and had notable solo exhibitions at the São Paulo Museum of Art (MASP). In 1988, he was invited to teach graphic arts and sculpture at the Arts College, The City University of New York. In addition to his work as an artist and educator, Emanoel Araújo was an important cultural administrator. From 1992 to 2002, he served as director of the Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo (PESP), where he led the institution's revitalization. Between 1995 and 1996, he was a member of the Museum Commission and the Federal Council for Cultural Policy, bodies established by the Ministry of Culture.

In 2004, Emanoel Araújo served as curator and director of the Afro-Brazilian Museum in São Paulo, an institution opened that year, featuring works from his own collection.

Critical Commentary

Between 1961 and 1965, Emanoel Araújo attended the Bahia School of Fine Arts, where he studied printmaking with Henrique Oswald (1918 - 1965). During the same period, he produced illustrations, posters, and theater sets. In the woodcuts he produced at that time, some already have reliefs, folds, or wrinkles. These works explore local themes and feminine representations that allude to fertility.

Starting in 1971, he created abstract works composed of combined geometric forms. The artist gradually moved toward constructivist approaches, reducing forms to primary structures. He develops works that contain wavy segments of other prints, pasted onto the plane of a larger print, creating cuts, interferences, and juxtapositions within the plane. These pieces already demonstrate his interest in three-dimensionality.

Interested in the restructuring of the world of African art, the artist emphasizes geometric forms combined with contrasts and strong colors in his prints, reliefs, and sculptures. Emanoel Araújo stands out for his work as director of the Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo (PESP), having also curated important exhibitions related to the image and culture of Black and Indigenous people in Brazil.

Critiques

"(...) we now come to the question of the language and meaning of Emanoel's sculptural work, which, in my view, presents some characteristics that make it truly unique in Brazilian art. Broadly speaking, it is clear that (like his prints since the 1970s) it falls within the scope of Constructivism in general, a trend, incidentally, in which our country is rich in great sculptors: Franz Weissmann, Sérvulo Esmeraldo, Sérgio Camargo, Amilcar de Castro, etc. Like all of them, Emanoel's sculptural project has no self-expressive character, no cathartic need, no confession and, above all, no concessions to anything other than the search for and establishment of good form, of Beauty that comes through clarity, frankness, and correctness. It is, moreover, a universalist art by essence, intended to be understood equally anywhere in the world, for its intrinsic aesthetic qualities.
Where Emanoel Araújo distinguishes himself from his fellow Constructivist sculptors is in his search for the integration of the internationalist and universal language that characterizes them with a certain element that we could call, at the same time, Brazilian and racial.
Olívio Tavares de Araújo
ARAÚJO, Olívio Tavares de. A Volcano Towards Classicism. in: ARAÚJO, Emanoel. Emanoel Araújo Sculptures, Reliefs. São Paulo: Skultura Galeria de Arte, 1987.

"Emanoel Araújo is firmly independent in spirit and, both as a man and as an artist, resists labels, be they artistic, political, or intellectual. Nevertheless, it is impossible to fully appreciate an artist without discussing him within his historical context. (...) It is impossible to comment on an artist while ignoring everything that preceded him and everything that is happening around him. For some artists, nationality means nothing, but in Araújo's case, understanding something of the Brazilian enigma is important. Moreover, he is Brazilian of African descent with Nagô predecessors. (...) The theories of non-construction, reduction, frontality, the widespread repetition of primary forms, and the lack of texture, perspective, natural color, narrative, and literary content obligatory in the Minimalist movement in painting and sculpture need to be evaluated in relation to some basic formal canons of Paleo-African and Neo-African art. (...) As a Brazilian, Araújo undoubtedly feels that he arrived at his Africanisms organically and not through an intellectual synthesis, like his North American contemporaries. they did".
George Nelson Preston
ARAÚJO, Emanoel. Emanoel Araújo sculptures, reliefs. São Paulo: Skultura Galeria de Arte, 1987.

"In Emanoel Araújo, the work belongs to the City, its beauty in parks, gardens, walls, houses. Sculptures, reliefs, and engravings expand as a work of rhythmic forms, lines, and exuberances: colors, remember the purple in the engravings, for which Emanoel fought, irreducible, against the defenders of established conventions, for whom Goeldi's departure from black and white already presented itself as an unbearable transgression. Since the 1960s, when he attended Henrique Oswald's classes and used the engraving studio at the Salvador School of Fine Arts, engraving meant learning, but also producing posters. The engraving-posters, scattered throughout the streets of Salvador, inform and decorate: Emanoel Araújo circulates in the City, making posters, even in the printing house of the Convent of São Francisco. Nothing, therefore, is closed by concepts because, For Emanoel, they are like everyday life. Therefore, it is discovery that can move him: thus, he learns aquatint and etching, but it is in use that the work emerges. Circulation, which thinks, retains nothing: the engraving shows itself and goes to the trash, not to the drawer: it is the poster. Indoors, it conquers the white wall, but from it takes off, displaced as a framed engraving. Constructed by rhythms that repeat themselves in colors, on the plane, the framed engraving breaks them with an equally rhythmic strip that loosely aligns the plane's openings; loosely assembled, they invent relief-engravings that launch themselves into space. Paper reliefs, the framed engravings bounce off, in Emanoel Araújo, in other arts, in the wood reliefs, in the concrete murals, for which the light is dazzling.
Leon Kossovitch and Mayra Laudanna
ENGRAVING: 20th-Century Brazilian Art. Presentation by Ricardo Ribenboim. São Paulo: Itaú Cultural, 2000, p. 32

Solo Exhibitions

1959 - Santo Amaro da Purificação, BA - First Solo Exhibition
1960 - Salvador, BA - Solo Exhibition at Colégio Estadual da Bahia
1961 - Salvador, BA - Solo Exhibition at Biblioteca Pública de Salvador
1962 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Macunaíma
1963 - Campinas, SP - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Aremar
1964 - Salvador, BA - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Usis
1965 - São Paulo, SP - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Astréia
1965 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Bonino
1965 - Salvador, BA - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Querino
1966 - São Paulo, SP - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Astréia
1967 - Osaka, Japan - Solo Exhibition at Hakusuisha Gallery
1967 - Belo Horizonte, MG - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Guignard
1968 - Salvador, BA - Solo Exhibition at Museu de Arte da Bahia
1969 - Belo Horizonte, MG - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Guignard
1969 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Bonino
1970 - São Paulo, SP - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Documenta
1972 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Bonino
1973 - Brasília, DF - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Oscar Seráphico
1975 - Washington, USA - Solo Exhibition at Brazilian-American Cultural Institute
1975 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Bonino
1976 - São Paulo, SP - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Arte Aplicada
1976 - Belo Horizonte, MG - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Arte Memória
1977 - Brasília, DF - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Oscar Seráphico
1977 - Porto Alegre, RS - Solo Exhibition at Galeria IAB
1978 - São Luís, MA - Solo Exhibition at CEF
1979 - Salvador, BA - Solo Exhibition at Museu de Arte da Bahia
1979 - Salvador, BA - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Pousada do Carmo
1979 - São Paulo, SP - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Cristina Faria de Paula
1979 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Bonino
1980 - Belo Horizonte, MG - Gravura Brasileira at Galeria Guignard
1981 - São Paulo, SP - Solo Exhibition at MASP
1983 - São Paulo, SP - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Skultura
1984 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Cessar Aché
1985 - Salvador, BA - Solo Exhibition at Escritório de Arte da Bahia
1986 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Cessar Aché
1987 - São Paulo, SP - Emanoel Araújo: Large-Scale Sculptures at MASP
1987 - São Paulo, SP - Solo Exhibition at Galeria Skultura
1988 - Detroit, USA - Solo Exhibition at G. R. N Namdi Galleries Inc.
1989 - New York, USA - Solo Exhibition at Manhattan East Gallery of Fine Arts
1990 - São Paulo, SP - 30 Years at Galeria Skultura
1990 - Salvador, BA - Solo Exhibition at NR Galeria de Arte
1991 - Lisbon, Portugal - Solo Exhibition at Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
1992 - Salvador, BA - Solo Exhibition at Galeria ACBE
1992 - Zurich, Switzerland - Das Haus des Bahieners at Bärengassen Museum
1993 - São Paulo, SP - Solo Exhibition at Museu Banespa
1993 - São Paulo, SP - Solo Exhibition at Club Transatlântico
1996 - São Paulo, SP - Emanoel Araújo: Sculptures and Reliefs at Galeria Nara Roesler
2000 - Recife, PE - Emanoel Araújo: Sculptures and Reliefs at Amparo Sessenta Galeria de Arte

Group Exhibitions

1963 - Havana (Cuba) - 2nd Latin American Printmaking Competition, Casa de las Américas
1963 - São Paulo SP - 12th São Paulo Salon of Modern Art, Galeria Prestes Maia
1964 - Ribeirão Preto SP - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmakers
1964 - São Paulo SP - 13th São Paulo Salon of Modern Art, Galeria Prestes Maia
1964 - São Paulo SP - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmakers, MAC/USP - traveling
1965 - Belo Horizonte MG - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmakers, MAP
1965 - Mexico City (Mexico) - Contemporary Brazilian Printmakers, Casa de la Paz
1965 - Curitiba PR - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmakers, State Department of Education
1965 - Florianópolis SC - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmakers, Museu de Arte de Santa Catarina
1965 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 16th Salon of Modern Art - jury exemption
1966 - Salvador BA - 1st National Biennial of Visual Arts - printmaking award
1966 - São Paulo SP - 2nd Exhibition of Young National Printmakers, MAC/USP
1967 - Brasília DF - 4th Salon of Modern Art of the Federal District, Teatro Nacional de Brasília
1967 - Brasília DF - 4th Salon of Modern Art of the Federal District, Teatro Nacional Cláudio Santoro
1967 - Campinas SP - 3rd Contemporary Art Salon, MACC
1967 - Salvador BA - Collective Christmas Exhibition, Panorama Galeria de Arte
1967 - São Paulo SP - 2nd Exhibition of Young National Printmakers, MAM/RJ
1967 - São Paulo SP - 9th São Paulo International Biennial, Fundação Bienal
1967 - São Paulo SP - Artists from Bahia, A Galeria
1967 - São Paulo SP - 9th São Paulo International Biennial, Fundação Bienal
1967 - Vitória ES - Contemporary Art Salon of Espírito Santo
1968 - Brasília DF - 4th Salon of Modern Art of the Federal District
1968 - Campo Grande MS - 28 Artists from the MAC/USP Collection, Galeria do Diário da Serra
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 17th National Salon of Modern Art, MAM/RJ
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 22nd Municipal Salon of Fine Arts, MAM/RJ
1968 - Santiago (Chile) - 2nd Latin American Biennial of Chile
1968 - São Paulo SP - 2nd Young Contemporary Art, MAC/USP
1969 - Fortaleza CE - 28 Artists from the Museum of Contemporary Art of the University of São Paulo, Centro de Artes Visuais Raimundo Cela
1969 - Ouro Preto MG - 3rd Ouro Preto Salon
1969 - Ouro Preto MG - 4th Ouro Preto Art Festival
1969 - Porto Alegre RS - 2nd Young Contemporary Art Exhibition
1969 - Porto Alegre RS - 2nd Young Contemporary Art, Margs
1969 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 18th National Salon of Modern Art
1969 - São Paulo SP - 1st São Paulo Salon of Contemporary Art - acquisition award
1970 - Rheim (Germany) - Brasilianische Tage
1970 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 19th Salon of Modern Art - jury exemption
1970 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 19th National Salon of Modern Art, MAM/RJ
1970 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 8th Resumo de Arte JB
1970 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Printmaking, Paço das Artes
1971 - São Paulo SP - 3rd Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1972 - Florence (Italy) - International Biennial of Graphic Arts - gold medal
1972 - São Paulo SP - Arte/Brasil/Hoje: 50 Years Later, Galeria da Collectio
1973 - Tel Aviv (Israel) - Group Exhibition, Gallery 119
1974 - Madrid (Spain) - Contemporary Brazilian Graphic Art
1974 - Paris (France) - Contemporary Brazilian Graphic Art
1974 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Contemporary Brazilian Graphic Art
1974 - Brussels (Belgium) - Contemporary Brazilian Graphic Art
1974 - São Paulo SP - 6th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1975 - Paris (France) - Brazilian Graphic Art, Musée Galliera
1975 - São Paulo SP - 13th São Paulo International Biennial, Fundação Bienal
1975 - São Paulo SP - 6th São Paulo Salon of Contemporary Art
1976 - São Paulo SP - Applied Art, Sala Brasília
1977 - Goiânia GO - 4th Salon of Visual Arts, Caixa Econômica de Goiás
1977 - Lagos (Nigeria) - Festival of Black Art and Culture
1977 - Madrid (Spain) - Current Ibero-American Art
1977 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 2nd Arte Agora: Vision of the Land, MAM/RJ
1977 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Vision of the Land, MAM/RJ
1977 - São Paulo SP - 9th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1977 - Washington (United States) - The Original and its Reproduction: a Melhoramentos Project, Brazilian-American Cultural Institute
1978 - Philadelphia and Washington (United States) - The Original and Its Reproduction
1978 - São Paulo SP - 10th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1979 - Curitiba PR - 2nd Annual Printmaking Exhibition, Curitiba City, Centro de Criatividade de Curitiba
1980 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - Contemporary Brazilian Printmakers
1980 - Krakow (Poland) - International Biennial of Krakow
1980 - Fortaleza CE - II Artists from Bahia, UFCE Museum
1980 - Salvador BA - Printmaking Arte Maior, Museu Carlos Pinto
1981 - Estoril (Portugal) - Contemporary Brazilian Printmakers
1981 - São Paulo SP - 13th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1982 - Penápolis SP - 5th Northwest Salon of Visual Arts, Fundação Educacional de Penápolis. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Penápolis
1982 - Salvador BA - Brazilian Art from the Odorico Tavares Collection, Museu Carlos Costa Pinto
1982 - São Paulo SP - A Century of Sculpture in Brazil, MASP
1983 - São Paulo SP - Art on the Street
1984 - Ribeirão Preto SP - Brazilian Printmakers of the 50s/60s, Galeria Campus USP - Banespa
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Recent Donations 82-84, MNBA
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Wood, Matter of Art, MAM/RJ
1984 - São Paulo SP - Tradition and Rupture: A Synthesis of Brazilian Art and Culture, Fundação Bienal
1984 - Tokyo (Japan) - Exhibition of Modern Asian Art - invited artist
1985 - São Paulo SP - 16th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1985 - São Paulo SP - Highlights of Contemporary Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1986 - Brasília DF - Bahian Artists in Brasília, Casa da Manchete
1987 - Salvador BA - Twelve Brazilian Artists, Anarte Galeria
1988 - Los Angeles (United States) - Introspectives: Contemporary Art by Americans and Brazilians of African Descent, The California Afro-American Museum
1988 - New York (United States) - Faculty 1, Leonard Davis Center, Department of Art, City College of New York
1988 - New York (United States) - Uptown/Downtown, Gallery Art 54
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Abolição, Galeria de Arte Ipanema
1988 - São Paulo SP - The Afro-Brazilian Hand, MAM/SP
1988 - São Paulo SP - Rhythms and Forms: Contemporary Brazilian Art, Sesc Pompéia
1989 - Copenhagen (Denmark) - Rhythms and Forms: Contemporary Brazilian Art, Charlottenborg Museum
1990 - New York (United States) - Introspectives: Contemporary Art by Americans and Brazilians of African Descent, The Bronx Museum
1991 - São Paulo SP - What Drives You Now, 60s Generation?: Revisiting Young Contemporary Art of the 1960s, MAC/USP
1992 - Americana SP - Reopening Exhibition of the Contemporary Art Museum of Americana
1992 - Curitiba PR - 10th Curitiba City Printmaking Exhibition / America Show, Museu da Gravura
1992 - Santo André SP - Lithography: Methods and Concepts, Paço Municipal
1992 - São Paulo SP - The Seduction of Volumes: 3D Works from MAC, MAC/USP
1992 - São Paulo SP - 7th Brazilian Art Salon, Fundação Mokiti Okada
1992 - Zurich (Switzerland) - Brasilien: Entdeckung und Selbstentdeckung, Kunsthaus
1993 - João Pessoa PB - Woodcut: From Cordel to Gallery, Funesc
1993 - São Paulo SP - 450 Years Since the Arrival of the Portuguese in Japan, MAB/Faap
1993 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Artists in the Creation of Incer, Fundação Bienal
1993 - São Paulo SP - Brazil - Japan: Navigated Seas, Museu de Arte Brasileira
1993 - São Paulo SP - Aviation and Art, Espaço Cultural do Aeroporto de Congonhas
1993 - São Paulo SP - Luso-Nipo-Brazilian Exhibition, MAB
1993 - São Paulo SP - Candelária Urgente - General Call
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Candelária Urgente - General Call
1993 - Brasília DF - Candelária Urgente - General Call
1994 - Frankfurt (Germany) - Afro-Brazilian Art and Religiosity, Kunstverein - 46th International Book Fair
1994 - São Paulo SP - Woodcut: From Cordel to Gallery, Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo
1994 - São Paulo SP - The Heirs of the Night: Fragments of the Imaginary
1994 - Brasília DF - The Heirs of the Night: Fragments of the Imaginary
1995 - Belo Horizonte MG - The Heirs of the Night: Fragments of the Black Imaginary, Centro de Cultura de Belo Horizonte
1995 - São Bernardo do Campo SP - Sculpture-Lithography: Commemorating 442 Years of São Bernardo do Campo, Teatro Cacilda Becker
1995 - São Paulo SP - Projeto Contato, Galeria Sesc Paulista
1996 - Brasília DF - Art and Urban Space: Fifteen Proposals, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Palácio do Itamaraty
1996 - Campinas SP - Geometric Abstraction, MACC
1996 - New York (United States) - At The Foreground of Paths
1996 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Constructive Trends in the MAC/USP Collection: Construction, Measure, and Proportion, CCBB
1996 - São Paulo SP - Geometric Abstraction, Museu Banespa
1996 - São Paulo SP - Six Timeless Artists, Múltipla de Arte
1996 - São Paulo SP - Ex Libris/Home Page, Paço das Artes
1997 - Columbia SC (United States) - Sampa Visila La, Gallery Hours
1997 - São Paulo SP - Three-Dimensionality in 20th-Century Brazilian Art, Itaú Cultural
1998 - Belo Horizonte MG - Three-Dimensionality in 20th-Century Brazilian Art, Itaú Cultural
1998 - Brasília DF - Three-Dimensionality in 20th-Century Brazilian Art, Itaú Galeria
1998 - Penápolis SP - Three-Dimensionality in 20th-Century Brazilian Art, Galeria Itaú Cultural
1998 - Salvador BA - Arte Salvador 450 Years, Maria Aidar
1998 - São Paulo SP - Prints: The Art of Brazilian Printmaking, Espaço Cultural Banespa Paulista
1998 - São Paulo SP - Modern and Contemporary in Brazilian Art: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection - MAM/RJ, MASP
1998 - São Paulo SP - Prints: The Art of Brazilian Printmaking, Espaço Cultural Banespa-Paulista
1999 - Curitiba PR - Arte-Arte Salvador 450 Years, Fundação Cultural de Curitiba, Solar do Barão
1999 - Paris (France) - Group Exhibition, Nara Roesler
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Printmaking Exhibition: Modern Brazilian Printmaking, MNBA Collection, MNBA
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Arte-Arte Salvador 450 Years, Museu Histórico da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Printmaking Exhibition: Modern Brazilian Printmaking, MNBA Collection, MNBA
1999 - Salvador BA - 100 Visual Artists from Bahia, Museu de Arte Sacra
1999 - Salvador BA - Arte-Arte Salvador 450 Years, MAM/BA
1999 - São Paulo SP - Lithography: Fidelity and Memory, Espaço de Artes Unicid
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Bardi of the Artists, Espaço Cultural dos Correios
2000 - São Paulo SP - Brazil + 500: Rediscovery Exhibition. Afro-Brazilian Art, Fundação Bienal
2000 - São Paulo SP - Dialogue: Contemporary Art Brazil/Ecuador, Galeria Marta Traba - Memorial da América Latina
2000 - São Paulo SP - Investigations: Brazilian Printmaking, Itaú Cultural
2000 - São Paulo SP - The Bardi of the Artists, Galeria Marta Traba - Memorial da América Latina
2001 - Brasília DF - Investigations: Brazilian Printmaking, Galeria Itaú Cultural
2001 - Penápolis SP - Investigations: Brazilian Printmaking, Galeria Itaú Cultural
2001 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Culture 1, Casa das Rosas
2002 - São Paulo SP - Open Opera: Celebration, Casa das Rosas
2002 - São Paulo SP - Gate 2, Galeria Nara Roesler
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Treasures of Caixa: Brazilian Modern Art from the Caixa Collection, Conjunto Cultural da Caixa
2003 - São Paulo SP - Sculptors - Sculptures, Pinakotheke
2003 - São Paulo SP - Israel and Palestine: Two States for Two Peoples, Sesc Pompéia
2003 - São Paulo SP - Paper and Three-Dimensionality, Arvani Arte
2003 - São Paulo SP - Tomie Ohtake in the Spiritual Fabric of Brazilian Art, Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2004 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Tomie Ohtake in the Spiritual Fabric of Brazilian Art, MNBA