Rubens Gerchman

Rubens Gerchman (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 1942 - São Paulo, SP, 2008)

Rubens Gerchman was a painter, draftsman, engraver, and sculptor. In 1957, he attended the Liceu de Artes e Ofícios do Rio de Janeiro, where he studied drawing. He took a woodcut course with Adir Botelho (1932) and, between 1960 and 1961, studied at the National School of Fine Arts (ENBA). In 1967, he was awarded the travel award at the 16th National Salon of Modern Art (SNAM) and traveled to the United States, where he lived in New York from 1968 to 1972.

After returning to Brazil, he wrote the screenplay, directed, and created the set design for the film Triunfo Hermético (Hermetic Triumph), as well as the short films ValCarnal and Behind the Broken Glass. Between 1975 and 1979, he was director of the Parque Lage School of Visual Arts (EAV/Parque Lage) in Rio de Janeiro. He was also co-founder and director of the magazine Malasartes. In 1978, he traveled to the United States again with a grant from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation. In 1981, at the invitation of architect Lina Bo Bardi (1914–1992), he created a tile panel for the Sesc Fábrica Pompéia in São Paulo.

In 1982, he spent a year in Berlin as an artist-in-residence, at the invitation of the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD), the German Academic Exchange Service. In 1989, he published the book Gerchman, with texts by art critic Wilson Coutinho. In 1993, he published the lithograph album Dupla Identidade, accompanied by a text by poet Armando Freitas Filho (1940). He worked as a teacher, offering courses in Brazil and abroad. In 2000, he released an album with 32 lithographs, the first volume of the Cahier d'Artiste collection, by Lithos Edições de Arte.

Critical Commentary

In his early paintings, Rubens Gerchman painted bucolic urban scenes. Influenced by the world of mass culture, he created paintings depicting crowds and the world printed in the pages of the media. In 1962, he graduated from the National School of Fine Arts (ENBA). Two years later, he held his first solo exhibition at the Vila Rica Gallery in Rio de Janeiro. He exhibited gouaches and panels, predominantly in black and white. In his works, crowds appear sparsely detailed, reaffirming the anonymity of individuals, with Jean Dubuffet (1901-1985) as a reference. His themes draw from the popular life of the metropolis: he painted beauty pageants, soccer games, and narratives from soap operas and comic books.

In the group show Opinião 66, he exhibited works critical of the Brazilian situation, such as Caixas de Morar (Mooring Boxes), Elevador Social (Social Elevator), and Ditadura das Coisas (Dictatorship of Things). At that time, he produced his first three-dimensional works, linked to discussions of the New Brazilian Objectivity. This debate materialized in an exhibition in 1967, bringing together artists such as Hélio Oiticica (1937-1980) and Carlos Vergara (1941). That same year, he received an award from the National Salon of Modern Art (SNAM). With the award, he moved to New York. There, he dedicated himself to three-dimensional visual poems and created pieces such as "Tool" (1970), and "Air" (1967). In the United States, he helped organize the boycott of the São Paulo International Biennial, nicknamed the "Dictatorship Biennial." From 1972 onward, his sculptures took the form of multiples. The artist achieved great commercial success with them.

In 1973, he returned permanently to Brazil and held his first retrospective at the Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro (MAM/RJ). A year later, he participated in the founding of the magazine Malasartes. At the time, he created prints in collaboration with Claudio Tozzi (1944) and Hélio Oiticica. His work uses the written word and shows a strong affinity with conceptual art. Starting in 1975, he assumed the directorship of the Parque Lage School of Visual Arts (EAV/Parque Lage). During this period, he dedicated himself to canvases based on comic book narratives and popular imagery, such as "Virgin of Honey Lips" (1975).

In the 1980s, the artist returned to realist painting. He created paintings and reliefs. He focused primarily on themes such as crime, crowds, and picturesque aspects of city life, such as "Back Bench" (1985) and "Beijo" (1989). These paintings are more colorful and gestural, aligning with the neo-expressionist movements of the time. In the 1990s, the figures from his paintings were transformed into sculptures and lithographs.

Critiques

"Rubens Gerchman starts from redundancy, using the materials that the civilization of vulgarity offers, but in the name of an idea that does not aim at the creation of the unusual for the sake of the unusual, but rather at the participation of the collective. Gerchman's Housing Boxes are not an unusual in the redundancy of everyday life, to rectify it (a surrealist message) or to delight in it (a pop art message), but a radical reduction of the given reality. He proposes an urban reconstruction of the eugenic city of the future. It is a city of underdevelopment. Hence its merit. The objectivity of his approach lies not in the construction of the boxes themselves, but in the extroverted direction of his practice. The unusual is not in the everyday based on use and routine. The unusual here is the infra-reality, or the reality that lies beneath the superstructures and does not require the poet to detect it, but an action, an event to find the law of a reality that produces it. The relationship between redundancy and unusualness is thus inverted. In Gerchman and others, redundancy is what reveals the unusual, and what comes out of their boxes, for example, is not an exercise in self-expression, but an effort to build a new relationship with reality."
Mário Pedrosa
GERCHMAN, Rubens. Rubens Gerchman. Text by Mário Pedrosa. Rio de Janeiro: MAM, 1973.

"In drawings, paintings, silkscreens, and montages, Gerchman then staged characters without immediate identities, mannequins drawn from the masses, newspaper figures, myths of the middle class, the suburbs, or the undergrounds of the big city. Anonymous, marginalized people, crowding onto buses or in housing estates, captivated by beauty queens, soccer players, and stars of the screen or sound, who lure them into consumer society's fetish models. The disappeared who reappeared in the sad moment of glory of a newspaper photo; headlines filled with the sweat and blood of all those who, suddenly and briefly, gain a name in the 'general jam'—with this, armed with a certain air of cordel and the tactics of bad taste, he constructed his uncomfortable gallery of characters, in which The Beautiful Lindonéia, Gioconda of the Suburbs, in 1966, and Mona Lou, with her full lips and common middle-class crimes, in 1975, occupy the position of beacons."
Roberto Pontual
PONTUAL, Roberto. Between Two Centuries: 20th-Century Brazilian Art in the Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection. Foreword by Gilberto Allard Chateaubriand and Antônio Houaiss. Introduction by M. F. do Nascimento Brito. Rio de Janeiro: Jornal do Brasil, 1987.

"They are metal plates, scrap from shipyards, despicable material, thrown away, abandoned, stripped of any meaning. It is precisely this material, devoid of meaning, stripped of symbolism, that Rubens Gerchman (Rio de Janeiro, 1942) collected to make his unexpected foray into sculpture. A true scandal and outrage. How could a well-known painter, marked by his initiatives and participation, in a mature phase, suddenly become involved with another technique? Coherent. In painting, Gerchman also tends to surprise. And there, as now, he collects stripped-down beings, stripped of meaning. It is in his gesture of recovery, in the understanding of the human figure as emblematic, that symbolism emerges and becomes a mark of the social world, a representation of its possibilities. In sculpture, thought is governed by the same principle. And the material chosen, by treatment, becomes emblematic of the human being."
Jacob Klintowitz
KLINTOWITZ, Jacob. The Craft of Art: Sculpture. Presentation by Abram Szajman. São Paulo: Sesc, 1988.

"Gerchman's work, then, operates on two axes: the overcoming of the image and the accentuation of semantic games, which aim for critical connections with reality through mental synthesis. In this case, the isolated word, seeking these connections—procedures of the concrete and neoconcrete movements—takes on a relevant role in Gerchman's New York production. The word is also architecture and sculpture. This is what happens with the work Air, a sculpture for large open spaces, made of transparent plexiglass. In the work, because there is a separation between the elements of the letter, the vertical stem of the 'R' can be seen as 'I', which would give the word 'Air' in English. There is also a social issue: the sculpture, translucent, rises against the polluted air.
It is true that since 1966, Gerchman had oriented his work toward three-dimensional works, when he produced his 'lunchboxes' and 'living boxes', for example. But The process now deliberately involves stimulating conceptual relationships. Another work uses the word sky, dissected into eye, yellow, and line; another uses the union of the words man and woman; a black wooden S on gray-white sand meanders the word snake, in the middle is the word sinuous, and finally, below, sign. The same period includes the letter sculpture Lute, a work that would be a monument to the asphalt, or the poetic Marazul-Marazul, made of transparent polyester, which should remain floating in Botafogo Bay. Gerchman would explain his work: I don't think the word in visual arts leads to a 'literary' vision of what should be visual or tactile. I think it's important to reduce the word to its essentials, to its meaning, which is exhausted by itself. I want to relearn it. From the redundancy of placing the word water written inside a cube of water comes more strength; one gains an overload of information".
Wilson Coutinho
Coutinho, Wilson. In the age of the concept and the anthropology of desire. In: GERCHMAN. Commentary by Wilson Coutinho. Rio de Janeiro: Salamandra, 1989, p.23.

Testimonials

"The first exhibition, in 1964, 'when I discovered my inner world,' the exhibition at Galeria Relevo, in 1965, 'where, raising awareness of the crowd for the first time, I situated myself in the world'; the poster-painting of Casal Fartura, exhibited in Opinião 65, 'the first attempt to use the poster and the image of a newspaper or magazine in a new context - the canvas, this sacred place'; the exhibition Stop! at G-4, alongside Vergara and Escosteguy, whose happening 'was my first experience in placing the spectator inside a wooden structure, covered in transparent plastic, inside which they were trapped (the plastic was stapled later) like in a cage. From the outside, I painted the plastic with colored spray paint, making the spectators gradually disappear behind the colors. Once the painting was finished, the happening was over, and the spectators had to struggle inside to break out the wooden structure and free themselves. Tacked outside was a poster: Social Elevator; the filming of See and Hear, by Antonio Carlos Fontoura, whose third part, The Unknowns, was almost entirely shot on the street, with the paintings and objects on the sidewalk, amidst traffic, among the people, with live-audio interviews and using the cinema-verité technique. For me, this experience was vital; finally, The Lunchbox - the first attempt at a form of greater participation by the spectator, by suggesting that they hold the handle of the utensil - and the two pieces sent to the 9th São Paulo International Biennial, Always Close to You and The City, 'in which two spectators enter each shelter, made entirely of plastic and numbering four; from inside the shelter, whose structure is so light that it can be easily moved by the couple, the outside world can be seen through a plastic visor.'
Rubens Gerchman
LEITE, José Roberto Teixeira. Critical Dictionary of Painting in Brazil. São Paulo: Artlivre, 1988. p.218.

Solo Exhibitions

1964 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Vila Rica
1965 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rubens Gerchman: gouaches, drawings, lithographs, panels, at Galeria Relevo
1967 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Jean Boghici
1967 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Art-Art
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Relevo
1968 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Art-Art
1971 - New York, USA - Solo exhibition, at Jack Misrachi Gallery
1971 - New York, USA - Solo exhibition, at Lerner Heller Gallery
1971 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at Ralph Camargo Art Consultancy
1972 - New York, USA - Solo exhibition, at Lerner Heller Gallery
1973 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at MAM/RJ
1973 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Ralph Camargo
1974 - Antwerp, Belgium - Solo exhibition, at International Cultureel Centrum
1974 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Luiz Buarque de Hollanda e Paulo Bittencourt
1974 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition, at MASP
1975 - Cuiabá MT - Solo exhibition, at Museum of Art and Popular Culture
1975 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Printworks, at Bolsa de Arte
1977 - Curitiba PR - Solo exhibition, at Museu Guido Viaro
1977 - Joinville SC - Solo exhibition, at Joinville Museum of Art
1977 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Boa Noite, at Galeria Luiz Buarque de Holanda e Paulo Bittencourt
1977 - São Paulo SP - Boa Noite, at Galeria Arte Global
1978 - Porto Alegre RS - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Eucatexpo
1979 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Saramenha
1980 - Mexico City, Mexico - Solo exhibition, at Contemporary Art Forum
1980 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition, at Monica Filgueiras Galeria de Arte
1981 - João Pessoa PB - Solo exhibition, at Núcleo de Arte Contemporânea
1981 - New York, USA - Solo exhibition, at Nardin Gallery
1981 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at IAB/RJ
1981 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Registro Policial, at GB
1981 - São Paulo SP - Registro Policial, at Monica Filgueiras Galeria de Arte
1981 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Alberto Bonfiglioli
1982 - São Paulo SP - Rubens Gerchman: recent graphic works and drawings, at Galeria Suzana Sassoun
1983 - Salvador BA - Printworks, with lithographs and screen prints, at MAM/BA
1983 - São Paulo SP - Rubens Gerchman: paintings, at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1984 - Porto Alegre RS - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Tina Presser
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Portraits of Berlin and Others, at Galeria Olivia Kann
1984 - São Paulo SP - Paintings by Rubens Gerchman, at Paulo Figueiredo Galeria de Arte
1985 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Clara Manhã, at Galeria Paulo Klabin
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Jean Boghici
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Maurício Leite Barbosa
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at Montesanti Galleria
1986 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1987 - São Paulo SP - Rubens Gerchman: painting-sculptures, at Galeria Paulo Klabin
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at CCCM. Grande Galeria
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at Galeria de Arte Toulouse
1989 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Millan
1990 - Brasília DF - Gerchman, at Performance Galeria de Arte
1990 - Paris, France - Registro Policial, at Galerie 1900-2000
1990 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Fernando Milan
1991 - Amsterdam, Netherlands - Solo exhibition, at Galerie Nine
1991 - Lisbon, Portugal - Solo exhibition, at Galeria 111
1991 - Rotterdam, Netherlands - Solo exhibition, at Galerie Von Mourik
1992 - Bogotá, Colombia - Solo exhibition, at Galeria de Arte
1992 - Bogotá, Colombia - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Garcez Velasquez
1992 - Coral Gables, USA - Solo exhibition, at The Ambrosino Gallery
1992 - San Cristóbal, Venezuela - Solo exhibition, at Galeria Sin Limite
1992 - Miami, USA - Solo exhibition, at Ambrosino Gallery
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rubens Gerchman: retrospective, at CCBB
1992 - San Cristóbal, Venezuela - Mitologia Urbana, at Galeria Sin Limite
1993 - Bogotá, Colombia - Solo exhibition, at Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogotá
1993 - Caracas, Venezuela - Solo exhibition, at Museo Alejandro Otero
1993 - Caracas, Venezuela - Solo exhibition, at Museo Alejandro Otero
1993 - New York, USA - Rubens Gerchman: recent works, at Americas Gallery
1993 - Beijing, China - Solo exhibition, at the Embassy of Colombia
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Gerações, at Museu da República
1993 - São Paulo SP - Rubens Gerchman: recent paintings, at Galeria Nara Roesler
1994 - Bogotá, Colombia - Solo exhibition, at Museo de Arte Moderno de Bogotá
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Cities of Gerchman, at MNBA
1996 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Multimedia Form of Gerchman, at Galeria Forma
1997 - Paris, France - Solo exhibition, at Galerie 1900-2000
1997 - New York, USA - Solo exhibition, at Museo del Barrio
1997 - São Paulo SP - The Aesthetics of Soccer, at Praça do Banco Real
1997 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition presenting the artist book Dupla Identidade, at A Hebraica
1998 - Paris, France - Solo exhibition, at Galerie Jêrome de Moirmont
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at MNBA
2000 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition, at Museu Lasar Segall
2000 - São Paulo SP - Tem Po, at Ricardo Camargo Galeria
2001 - Niterói RJ - Solo exhibition, at MAC/Niterói
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Caixa de Fumaça, at CCBB
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo exhibition, at Fundação Castro Maia
2001 - São Paulo SP - Terceiro Tempo, at Galeria Euroart Castelli
2004 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition, at Renot Galeria de Arte

Group Exhibitions

1962 - Curitiba PR, Brazil - Salão do Paraná, Biblioteca Pública do Paraná
1962 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - 11th National Salon of Modern Art
1963 - Curitiba PR, Brazil - 20th Paraense Salon of Fine Arts, Biblioteca Pública do Paraná
1963 - Paris, France - Cinco Jovens Gravadores Brasileiros, Casa Brasil
1963 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - 1st Exhibition of Young National Drawing, FAAP
1964 - Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil - 1st Exhibition of Young National Drawing, MAP
1964 - Curitiba PR, Brazil - 21st Paraense Salon of Fine Arts, Biblioteca Pública do Paraná - Acquisition Prize and Silver Medal
1964 - Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmaking
1964 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - 13th National Salon of Modern Art
1964 - Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmaking, MAP
1964 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmaking, MAC/USP
1965 - Curitiba PR, Brazil - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmaking, State Department of Education
1965 - Florianópolis SC, Brazil - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmaking, MASC
1965 - Paris, France - La Figuration Narrative dans L'Art Contemporain, Galerie Europa et Creuse
1965 - Paris, France - Salon de La Jeune Peinture, Musée d'Art Moderne de La Ville de Paris
1965 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - 14th National Salon of Modern Art, MAM/RJ
1965 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - 1st Esso Salon of Young Artists, MAM/RJ
1965 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - Opinião 65, MAM/RJ
1965 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - 2nd Exhibition of Young National Drawing, MAC/USP - Acquisition Prize
1965 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - 8th São Paulo International Biennial, Fundação Bienal - Acquisition Prize
1965 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - Propostas 65, MAB/FAAP
1965 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - 1st Esso Salon of Young Artists, MAC/USP
1966 - Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil - Brazilian Vanguard, UFMG, Rectorate
1966 - Buenos Aires, Argentina - Brazilian Contemporary Art Exhibition, Museo de Arte Moderno de Buenos Aires
1966 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - 15th National Salon of Modern Art
1966 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - 4th JB Art Summary, MAM/RJ
1966 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - Opinião 66, MAM/RJ
1966 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - Pare, Galeria G-4
1966 - Salvador BA, Brazil - 1st National Biennial of Visual Arts - Special Research Prize
1967 - Brasília DF, Brazil - 4th Modern Art Salon of the Federal District, Teatro Nacional Cláudio Santoro
1967 - Cali, Colombia - Cali Biennial - 1st Prize in Painting
1967 - Córdoba, Argentina - Interamerican Biennial of Córdoba
1967 - Paris, France - 5th Paris Biennial, Musée d'Art Moderne de La Ville de Paris
1967 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - 16th National Salon of Modern Art - Travel Award
1967 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - New Brazilian Objectivity, MAM/RJ
1967 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - 3rd The Face and the Work, Galeria Ibeu Copacabana
1967 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - Parangolé Social, with Hélio Oiticica, Galeria G4
1967 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - 9th São Paulo International Biennial, Fundação Bienal
1967 - Tokyo, Japan - 9th Tokyo Biennial
1968 - Campo Grande MS, Brazil - 28 Artists from the Collection of the Museum of Contemporary Art, University of São Paulo, Galeria do Diário da Serra
1968 - New York, USA - Fashion Poetry Event, The Center for Inter-American Relations
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - 2nd Esso Salon of Young Artists, MAM/RJ - Acquisition Prize
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - 6th JB Art Summary
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - Flags in the Square, Praça General Osório
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - The Brazilian Artist and Mass Iconography, ESDI
1968 - Salvador BA, Brazil - 2nd National Biennial of Visual Arts, MAM/BA
1969 - Cali, Colombia - Salon of the Americas in Painting
1969 - Fortaleza CE, Brazil - 28 Artists from the Collection of the Museum of Contemporary Art, University of São Paulo, Centro de Artes Visuais Raimundo Cela
1970 - Cali, Colombia - Cali Biennial - 1st Prize in Sculpture
1970 - Medellín, Colombia - 2nd Medellín Biennial, Museo de Antioquia
1970 - New York, USA - 4 X 4, Lerner Heller Gallery
1971 - Cali, Colombia - 1st American Biennial of Graphic Arts, Museo de Arte Moderno La Tertulia
1971 - New York, USA - 4 Young Artists, New York University, Loeb Student Center
1971 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - Multiples Exhibition, Petite Galeria
1972 - Nottingham, UK - Mindland Postal Exhibition
1972 - New York, USA - Environ-Vision, Syracuse University and New York Cultural Center
1972 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - Exhibition, MAM/RJ
1972 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - 6th Young Contemporary Art, MAC/USP
1972 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - Arte Brasil/Hoje: 50 Years Later, Galeria da Collectio
1972 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - Brazilian Multiples, Galeria Múltipla de Arte
1973 - Brussels, Belgium - Brussels International Fair
1973 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - Some Aspects of Brazilian Drawing, Galeria Ibeu Copacabana
1973 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil - International Vanguard, Galeria Ibeu Copacabana
1973 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - 5th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1973 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - Expo-Projeção 73, Espaço Grife
1973 - Buenos Aires, Argentina - Expo-Projeção 73, CAYC
1974 - Geneva, Switzerland - Brazilian Artists, Galerie d'Art du Ontario
1974 - Toronto, Canada - Brazilian Artists, Musée d'Art Contemporain
1974 - Montreal, Canada - Brazilian Artists, Musée d'Art Contemporain
1974 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - 6th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1974 - São Paulo SP, Brazil - Galeria Luisa Strina: Inaugural Exhibition, Galeria Luisa Strina
1975 - Paris (France) and London (England) - Art and Systems of Latin America, at Espace Cardin
1975 - Brussels (Belgium) - Art and Systems of Latin America, at the International Center of Antwerp
1975 - London (England) - Art and Systems of Latin America, at the Contemporary Art Center
1975 - Campinas SP (Brazil) - Art, at MACC
1975 - Campinas SP (Brazil) - Waltercio Caldas, Rubens Gerchman, Carlos Vergara, José Resende, at MACC
1975 - Ontario (Canada) - Brazilian Art in Canada
1975 - Paris (France) - Art and Systems of Latin America, at Espace Pierre Cardin
1975 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Communication according to Visual Artists - traveling exhibition
1977 - Austin (United States) - Recent Latin American Drawing 1969-1976: Lines of Vision International Exhibition Foundation, at the University of Texas
1977 - Washington (United States) - Recent Latin American Drawing 1969-1976: Lines of Vision International Exhibition Foundation, at Washington Art Gallery
1977 - Belo Horizonte MG (Brazil) - 5th Global Winter Salon, at Fundação Clóvis Salgado. Palácio das Artes
1977 - Brasília DF (Brazil) - 5th Global Winter Salon
1977 - Goiânia GO (Brazil) - Goiás Fine Arts Salon, at MAC/GO
1977 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - 14th Para Viagem, at EAV/Parque Lage
1977 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - 5th Global Winter Salon, at MNBA
1977 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - 9th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1977 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - 5th Global Winter Salon, at MASP
1978 - Belo Horizonte MG (Brazil) - Football Salon, at Fundação Clóvis Salgado. Palácio das Artes
1978 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - 15 Young Brazilian Artists, at Museo de Arte Moderno de Buenos Aires
1978 - Curitiba PR (Brazil) - 1st Annual Printmaking Exhibition, at Centro de Criatividade
1978 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - 1st National Salon of Visual Arts, at MNBA
1978 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - 15 Young Brazilian Artists, at MAB/Faap
1978 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - 1st Exhibition of Furniture and Unusual Objects, at Paço das Artes
1978 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - The Object in Art: Brazil 1960s, at MAB/Faap
1978 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - Few and Rare, at MASP
1978 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - 15 Young Brazilian Artists, at Museo de Arte Moderno de Buenos Aires
1978 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - 15 Young Brazilian Artists, at MAB/Faap
1979 - Campina Grande PB (Brazil) - Book as Art, at the Art Museum of Fundação Universidade Regional do Nordeste
1979 - João Pessoa PB (Brazil) - Art of Resistance - Art of Emergency, at Núcleo de Arte Contemporânea
1979 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Art of Resistance - Art of Emergency, at EAV/Parque Lage
1979 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - 15th São Paulo International Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1980 - Mexico City (Mexico) - Contemporary Art Forum
1980 - Curitiba PR (Brazil) - 37th Paraná Salon, at Teatro Guaíra
1980 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Tribute to Mário Pedrosa, at Galeria Jean Boghici
1981 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Pablo, Pablo!: a Brazilian interpretation of Guernica, at Funarte
1981 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - Art Research, at MAC/USP
1981 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - Contemporary Brazilian Artists, at São Paulo Art Gallery
1982 - Berlin (Germany) - Horizons of Latin America, at Gallery DAAD
1982 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Brazil 60 Years of Modern Art: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão
1982 - London (England) - Brazil 60 Years of Modern Art: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Barbican Art Gallery
1982 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Between Stain and Figure, at MAM/RJ
1982 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Football: Interpretations, at Galeria de Arte Banerj
1982 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Which House is This of Brazilian Art
1982 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Universe of Football, at MAM/RJ
1982 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - Football, at Paulo Figueiredo Art Gallery
1983 - Olinda PE (Brazil) - 2nd Exhibition of the Abelardo Rodrigues Collection of Visual Arts, at MAC/Olinda
1983 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - 3 x 4 Large Formats, at Galeria do Centro Empresarial Rio
1983 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - 6th National Salon of Visual Arts, at MAM/RJ
1983 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - 14th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1983 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - Art on the Street
1984 - Curitiba PR (Brazil) - 6th Printmaking Exhibition, City of Curitiba
1984 - Curitiba PR (Brazil) - Simões de Assis Art Gallery: inaugural exhibition
1984 - New York (United States) - Call of the Artists against Intervention in Central America
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Antonio Dias, Carlos Vergara, Roberto Magalhães, and Rubens Gerchman, at Galeria do Centro Empresarial Rio
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Active Brazilian Painting, at Espaço Petrobras
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Long Live Painting, at Petite Galerie
1984 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection: Portrait and Self-Portrait of Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1984 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - Tradition and Rupture: A Synthesis of Brazilian Art and Culture, at Fundação Bienal
1985 - Atami (Japan) - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition
1985 - Brasília DF (Brazil) - Brazilianness and Independence, at Teatro Nacional Cláudio Santoro
1985 - Kyoto (Japan) - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition
1985 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition, at Fundação Brasil-Japão
1985 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - Opinion 65, at Galeria de Arte Banerj
1985 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - 18th São Paulo International Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1985 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition, at Fundação Brasil-Japão
1985 - Tokyo (Japan) - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ (Brazil) - 1st Christian Dior Contemporary Art Exhibition: Painting, at Paço Imperial
1986 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - 17th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1986 - São Paulo SP (Brazil) - URBS through the Eyes of Eight Artists, at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1987 - Belo Horizonte MG - Ivald Granato, Rubens Gerchman, Claudio Tozzi, at Gesto Gráfico Galeria de Arte
1987 - Spain - Contemporary Brazilian Art
1987 - Paris (France) - Modernity: 20th Century Brazilian Art, at Musée d'Art Moderne de La Ville de Paris
1987 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - To the Collector: tribute to Gilberto Chateaubriand, at MAM/RJ
1987 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio de Janeiro, February, March: from Modernism to the 80s Generation, at Galeria de Arte Banerj
1987 - São Paulo SP - The Craft of Art: Painting, at Sesc
1987 - São Paulo SP - Palavra Imágica, at MAC/USP
1988 - Austin (United States) - Art and Artists in the United States 1920-1970
1988 - New York (United States) - The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States 1920-1970, at The Bronx Museum of the Arts
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 88 x 68: a balance of the years
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Hedonism: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Galeria Edifício Gilberto Chateaubriand
1988 - São Paulo SP - 63/66 Figure and Object, at Galeria Millan
1988 - São Paulo SP - Modernity: 20th Century Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1988 - São Paulo SP - Rhythms and Forms: Contemporary Brazilian Art, at Sesc Pompéia
1989 - Copenhagen (Denmark) - Rhythms and Forms: Contemporary Brazilian Art, at Charlottenborg Museum
1989 - El Paso (United States) - The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States 1920-1970, at El Paso Museum of Art
1989 - San Diego (United States) - The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States 1920-1970, at San Diego Museum of Art
1989 - San Juan (Puerto Rico) - The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States 1920-1970, at Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña
1989 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Today, at MAM/RJ
1989 - São Paulo SP - 20th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1990 - Miami (United States) - The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States 1920-1970, at Center for the Fine Arts Miami Art Museum of Date
1990 - Moscow (Russia) - Brazilian Graphic Arts Fair
1991 - Stockholm (Sweden) - Viva Brasil Viva, at Konstavdelningen och Liljevalchs Konsthall
1991 - Miami (United States) - Brazilian Art, at Brito Gallery
1991 - Paris (France) - After Duchamp, at Galerie 1900-2000
1991 - São Paulo SP - 21st São Paulo International Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1991 - São Paulo SP - What Drives You Now, 60s Generation?: Young Contemporary Art of the 60s Revisited, at MAC/USP
1992 - Florida (United States) - Pop on Paper, at Hockin Gallery
1992 - Miami (United States) - Brazilian Art, at Brito Gallery
1992 - Paris (France) - Latin American Diversities, at Galerie 1900-2000
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Arts of Power, at Paço Imperial
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Eco Art, at MAM/RJ
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Printmaking in Brazil: Proposal for a Mapping, at CCBB
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Nature: Four Centuries of Art in Brazil, at CCBB
1992 - Santo André SP - Lithography: Methods and Concepts, at Paço Municipal
1992 - São Paulo SP - 60s/70s: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection/MAM-RJ, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1993 - João Pessoa PB - Woodcut: From Cordel to Gallery, at Funesc
1993 - Miami (United States) - Wiso Art
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Erotic Art, at MAM/RJ
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil: 100 Years of Modern Art, at MNBA
1993 - São Paulo SP - 23rd Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1993 - São Paulo SP - Modern Drawing in Brazil: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1993 - São Paulo SP - Works for Literary Supplement Illustration: 1956-1967, at MAM/SP
1994 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Beyond Taprobana: The Human Figure in Visual Arts of Portuguese-speaking Countries, at Sociedade Nacional de Belas Artes
1994 - Poços de Caldas MG - Unibanco Collection: Commemorative Exhibition for 70 Years of Unibanco, at Casa de Cultura de Poços de Caldas
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 2nd Fine Arts Exhibition: Space, at Espaço Cultural dos Correios
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Modern Drawing in Brazil: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/RJ
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Trenches: Art and Politics in Brazil, at MAM/RJ
1994 - São Paulo SP - Brazil 20th Century Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1994 - São Paulo SP - Claudio Tozzi, Ivald Granato, Cleber Machado, Maurício Nogueira Lima, Rubens Gerchman, Siron Franco and Tomshige Kusuno, at A Hebraica
1994 - São Paulo SP - Poetics of Resistance: Aspects of Brazilian Printmaking, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1994 - São Paulo SP - Woodcut: From Cordel to Gallery, at Metrô
1994 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Beyond Taprobana: The Human Figure in Visual Arts of Portuguese-speaking Countries, at Sociedade Nacional de Belas Artes
1995 - Curitiba PR - 52nd Paraná Salon, at MAC/PR
1995 - Porto Alegre RS - Rubens Gerchman and Angelo de Aquino, at Bolsa de Arte de Porto Alegre
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Beyond Taprobana: The Human Figure in Visual Arts of Portuguese-speaking Countries, at MAM/RJ
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Unibanco Collection: Commemorative Exhibition for 70 Years of Unibanco, at MAM/RJ
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Da Cor do Rio, at Espaço Cultural dos Correios
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Drawing, at Galeria de Arte Toulouse
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Libertines/Libertarians, at Funarte
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Opinion 65: 30 Years, at CCBB
1995 - São Paulo SP - Visual Road, at Renato Magalhães Gouvêa Escritório de Arte
1996 - Belo Horizonte MG - Itinerant Prints, at Palácio das Artes
1996 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Art: 50 Years of History in MAC/USP Collection: 1920-1970, at MAC/USP
1996 - São Paulo SP - Ex Libris/Home Page, at Paço das Artes
1997 - Porto Alegre RS - 1st Mercosur Visual Arts Biennial, at Aplub; Casa de Cultura Mário Quintana; DC Navegantes; Edel; Usina do Gasômetro; Instituto de Artes da UFRGS; Fundação Bienal de Artes Visuais do Mercosul; Margs; Espaço Ulbra; Museu de Comunicação Social; UFRGS Rectory; and Theatro São Pedro
1997 - Porto Alegre RS - Cartographic Trend, at Usina do Gasômetro
1997 - Porto Alegre RS - Political Trend, at Fundação Bienal de Artes Visuais do Mercosul
1997 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Air: exhibition of visual arts, toys, objects and models, at Paço Imperial
1997 - São Paulo SP - The City of Artists, at MAC/USP
1997 - São Paulo SP - Anthropophagic Appropriations, at Itaú Cultural
1998 - Niterói RJ - Biennial Mirror, at MAC/Niterói
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Image of Caetano Veloso’s Sound, at Paço Imperial
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 60s/70s: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/RJ
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Thirty Years of ’68, at CCBB
1998 - São Paulo SP - The Art of Exhibiting Art, at MAM/SP
1998 - São Paulo SP - Elective Affinities I: The Collector’s Eye, at Casa das Rosas
1998 - São Paulo SP - Canibáliafetiva, at A Estufa
1998 - São Paulo SP - Highlights from Unibanco Collection, at Instituto Moreira Salles
1998 - São Paulo SP - Borders, at Itaú Cultural
1998 - São Paulo SP - Prints: The Art of Brazilian Printmaking, at Espaço Cultural Banespa-Paulista
1998 - São Paulo SP - Modern and Contemporary in Brazilian Art: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection - MAM/RJ, at MASP
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 500 Years Later in Rio: Paintings, at Espaço Cultural dos Correios
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Everyday/Art. The Object - 60s/90s, at MAM/RJ
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Print Exhibition. Mônica and George Kornis Collection, at Espaço Cultural dos Correios
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Print Exhibition. Modern Brazilian Print: National Museum of Fine Arts Collection, at MNBA
1999 - São Paulo SP - The Female Figure in MAB Collection, at MAB/Faap
1999 - São Paulo SP - Everyday/Art. Consumption, at Itaú Cultural
1999 - São Paulo SP - Everyday/Art. The Object - 60s/90s, at Itaú Cultural
1999 - São Paulo SP - Lithography: Fidelity and Memory, at Espaço de Artes Unicid
1999 - São Paulo SP - United Artists: Journeys of Identities, at Casa das Rosas
2000 - Brasília DF - Brazil-Europe Exhibition: Encounters in the 20th Century, at Conjunto Cultural da Caixa
2000 - Curitiba PR - 12th Curitiba Print Exhibition: Marks of the Body, Folds of the Soul
2000 - Lisbon (Portugal) - 20th Century: Brazilian Art, at Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Antonio Dias, Carlos Vergara, Roberto Magalhães, Rubens Gerchman, at GB ARTe
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brasilidades, at Centro Cultural Light
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Artists’ Bardi, at Espaço Cultural dos Correios
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Situations: Brazilian Art of the 70s, at Fundação Casa França-Brasil
2000 - São Paulo SP - The Female Figure in MAB Collection, at MAB/Faap
2000 - São Paulo SP - The Human Figure in the Itaú Collection, at Itaú Cultural
2000 - São Paulo SP - Brazil + 500 Rediscovery Exhibition, at Fundação Bienal
2000 - São Paulo SP - Pirelli Collection at MAM: Brazilian Art in the 60s, at MAM/SP
2000 - São Paulo SP - Sociarte Group Show, at Clube Atlético Monte Líbano. Cultural Space
2000 - São Paulo SP - The Artists’ Bardi, at Memorial da América Latina. Marta Traba Gallery
2000 - São Paulo SP - The Role of Art, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
2001 - Porto Alegre RS - Liba and Rubem Knijnik Collection: Contemporary Brazilian Art, at Margs
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazilian Watercolor, at Centro Cultural Light
2001 - São Paulo SP - Art Today, at Arvani Arte
2001 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Art Museum: 40 Years, at MAB/Faap
2001 - São Paulo SP - 10 Poetics, at A Hebraica
2002 - Fortaleza CE - Ceará Rediscovering Brazil, at Centro Dragão do Mar de Arte e Cultura
2002 - Niterói RJ - Paper Collection, at MAC/Niterói
2002 - Niterói RJ - Dialogue, Antagonism, and Replication in the Sattamini Collection, at MAC/Niterói
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Paths of the Contemporary 1952-2002, at Paço Imperial
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Between Word and Image: Module 1, at Sala MAM-Cittá América
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Identities: The Brazilian Portrait in the Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/RJ
2002 - São Paulo SP - Cityproject / Cityexperience, at MAM/SP
2002 - São Paulo SP - Map of the Now: Recent Brazilian Art in the João Sattamini Collection of MAC Niterói, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2002 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Multiples 30 Years Later, at Multipla de Arte
2002 - São Paulo SP - Pop Brazil: Popular Art and the Popular in Art, at CCBBl
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Art in Motion, at Espaço BNDES
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Autonomy of Drawing, at MAM/RJ
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazilianart Project, at Almacén Galeria de Arte
2003 - São Paulo SP - Subversion of the Means, at Itaú Cultural
2003 - São Paulo SP - Art and Society: A Controversial Relationship, at Itaú Cultural
2003 - São Paulo SP - Israel and Palestine: Two States for Two Peoples, at Sesc Pompéia
2004 - Campinas SP - Metrópolis Contemporary Art Collection, at Espaço Cultural CPFL
2004 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Contemporary Brazilian Art in Rio Collections, at MAM/RJ
2004 - São Paulo SP - 450 X 45, at Nova André Galeria
2004 - São Paulo SP - Contemporary Artists Group Show, at Esporte Clube Sírio
2004 - São Paulo SP - The Price of Seduction: From Corset to Silicone, at Itaú Cultural
2004 - São Paulo SP - Biennials: A Look at Brazilian Production 1951/2002, at Galeria Bergamin
2005 - São Paulo SP - Art in Metropolis, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2005 - Curitiba PR - Art in Metropolis, at Museu Oscar Niemeyer
2005 - Belo Horizonte MG - Collection Group Show 2005, at Galeria Murilo Castro
2005 - São Paulo SP - Urban Gazes, at Espaço Cultural Citibank
2005 - São Paulo SP - The Pleasure is Ours, at Galeria Brasiliana
2006 - São Paulo SP - Football and Art, at Espaço Cultural Vivo
2006 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Football: Drawing on Green Background, at CCBB
2006 - São Paulo SP - A Century of Brazilian Art - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Pinacoteca do Estado
2006 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - A Century of Brazilian Art - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/RJ
2006 - Berlin (Germany) - The Eleven: Football and Art, at Brazilian Embassy in Germany
2007 - Salvador BA - A Century of Brazilian Art - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/BA
2007 - Belo Horizonte MG - Collection Group Show, at Galeria Murilo Castro
2007 - Curitiba PR - A Century of Brazilian Art - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Museu Oscar Niemeyer
2007 - São Paulo SP - 70s - Art as Question, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake